Shingle



Jan. 7-, 1958 H. ABRAHAM SHINGLE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 2, 1953 ATTORNEY Jan. 7, 1958 H. ABRAHAM 3 SHINGLE 7 Filed Oct. 2} 1953 f INVENTOR flaeaeer dam-1114M ATTORNEY 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ruberoid Co., New York, N. 'Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application Octoliier Z, 1 953, Serial No. 383,747

2 Claims. (Cl. 108 7) This invention relates to flexible asphalt shingles of the T-lock form that when applied upon a roof provide T-shaped exposure patterns. Shingles of that general form have been commercially very successful and have been extensively used because of the fact that they afford a roof of attractive appearance having high wind resist ance, as well as for other reasons.

The industry has classified such T-shaped shingles into two groups, namely: (A) those that effect single-coverage when laid, that is coverage of one layer of material throughout the majorportion of the roof area, and (B) those that effect double-coverage, that is-more than one layer throughout the entire area of the roof. Among shingles of the first group are those disclosed in my Patent 2,050,218; Black, 2,437,874; Greider et al., 2,533,364; Robert, 2,607,305; and my patent, 2,618,228. Corning within the second or double-coverage group are the expired patent to Black, 1,849,785; my patent, 2,444,623; and Killingsworth, 2,460,353.

The present invention relates particularly to an improved shingle of the second, or double-coverage group, and has for its objects, among-others, to:

1) Reduce substantially both the gross and net area of material required per square. For example, as compared with the double-coverage T=lock shingledescribed in my Patent 2,444,623 the saving inmaterial alone is about 7%.

(2) Reduce the cost of application by providing T shaped double-coverage shingles of such form and proportions that a fewer number of shingles, and consequently fewer nails, are required to cover a square of roof area. With my present shingle having the same overall height, the same height of exposure, and the same width of butt as my prior double-coverage shingle it requires only 100 shingles per square as against 120 and only 200 nails as against 240, allowing two nails per shingle, to cover a square of roof surface.

(3) Increase the wind resistance.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating the invention:

Figure l is a plan view of a shingle embodying the characteristic features of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of several of such shingles as applied, in interlocked relation, to form a double-coverage roof;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a modified form of the shingle; and

Fig. 4 is a plan view of another modified form of the shingle.

The shingle, in its various forms, has a substantially rectangular head portion 10, a stepped intermediate portion 11, and a shank portion 12, all three being of equal vertical height. The head portion 10 may have an extension 13 along its upper edge which among other purposes serves to increase the effective headlap. In considering the vertical height of the head portion the extension is excluded. This particular relationship of the 2,318,823 :Patented Jan.-

heights of the head,.'intermediate, 'and'shaiik portions of a double-coverage shingle of the T-ftype'isin'ot "of itself new as it has 'been'described 'hy"Black'Lin hishPatent 1,849,785 as well as in otherpatentsforsliingles (if that general type. I

The lower end dithefls'harik dfithe singlehasalocking tab '14 extending outward from each side, the, tab having a-downwardly and inwardly "inclinedupper edge preferablyform'ing an acute angle of ,ziboutGO." 'Testsfhave shown that .tabs of substantially suchangularityflafiordthe highest degree of wind resistance when f'theishingles .are applied in interlocked relation.

The intermediateportion 11 decreases ,in width-towards the shank portionIZIin aplurality jot s'tep,s',"two of which have verticalside edges '15 and I'tS-jtifequlheig'ht, which height is the same as the vertical distance "(h) from the butt edge of the shingle -to.the .innerlcorner or crotch of the angle of the locking tab. In .the'shingle illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, .thevertical .edges 15 and 16 are connected by a horizontal ledge .17. .Inthe modified inform illustratedin Fig.3 those edgesare.connected.vhy..a..zigzag line arranged symmetrically tahoutamorizontal. .axis the two inclined :portions .18 .of which line. are. connected by a relatively short intermediate vertical. portion 15!, whereas in the :modifiedform shown.in..Ei=g.-4.inelined portions of the .zig-zagedges are:.connected by,a:vert ical-.portion-20 of.greatertheightaorlength. 'It-is to-be understood, however, thatin anyeventinzeach of said,- forms the total vertical height :of .the intermediate portion, whether the sides of that, portion be rdefined by' two 1 or more steps, must.be. equalttotthe heightiof-the shankinortion 12 or the 'height of" the-head ,portion :10 exclusivetof the extension of the latter.

,A critical feature of the form .ofrrny improvedgshingle, and onethat is aifactor in the economy ofimaterialzresulting from I thisinvention, is .that thBw-Width,a0l horizontal dimension of the lower edge 21-of the; intermediatepmtion :11 of the shingle is greaters than the width .,(w)) tot locking tab '14,;preferably twiceaasgreat.-"The faetz'that thewidth of 1 the edge 21: is greater: tham thez-widthzof the tab 14 is a characteristic element of the present invention that distinguishes it from all prior art T-lock doublecoverage shingles of which I am aware. For example, in each of the double coverage shingles disclosed in the patents to Black, Killingsworth, and to my No. 2,444,623, the corresponding lower edge of the intermediate portion is of the same width as the locking tab.

At both sides of each shingle the distance, measured horizontally, between the vertical edge 16 of its intermediate portion 11 and the vertical edge 23 of its head portion 10 is equal to one-half of the horizontal distance or width between the vertical edges 24 of the shank portion 12. Moreover in each shingle the width of the edge 22 is equal to the width of the edge 21 less the width of the tab 14, or expressed in the form of an equation 22==21w.

When the shingles are applied to the roof, the tabs 14 of the shingles of each course are interlocked in the corners 25 of the shingles of the next lower course in the customary manner of applying T-lock shingles, and each shingle is secured by two nails 26 located as indicated in Fig. 2.

Preferably the vertical height of the shingle from its lower edge or butt to the upper edge of its head, excluding the extension 13, is eighteen inches and including the said extension eighteen and a half inches, and in each of the forms illustrated the overall width of the head portion 10 is preferably twenty-four inches. Moreover in the form of Fig. 1 the horizontal distance between the width of the locking corners 25 is sixteen inches while in the forms of Figs. 3 and 4 it is fifteen inches,

In the shingle of Fig. 1 the width of the shank portion 12 is preferably eight inches, while in the forms of Figs. 3 and 4 the corresponding portion is nine inches in width. Because of the fact that in the latter forms the locking corners have inclined edges the width of the shank may be somewhat increased without decreasing the wind resistance of the interlocked shingles. The width of the tab 14 in Fig. 1 is preferably two inches, while in the forms of Figs. 3 and 4 it is one and a half inches. The height (h) of the tab from the butt to the crotch of the angle, that is the height of the locking point, is preferably three inches in the forms of Fig. 1 and 3, but only two and a half inches in the form of Fig. 4. These preferred dimensions are illustrative only and are subject to variation.

Shingles of the foregoing dimensions having an overall height of eighteen and a half inches may be cut from a web of roofing material of the. same width as that used in producing the double-coverage shingles of my Patent 2,444,623, but because of the novel form and proportions of my present shingle a very marked economy in material is effected.

It is to be noted that in respect to the form of the shingle it is immaterial whether the intermediate portion 11 comprises two or more steps, nor are the shape and general dimensions of the step critical. The critical factors, as hereinbefore pointed out, are that regardless of the number and form of the steps the height of the edge 16 of the lowermost step should not be less, and preferably equal to, the height of the crotch of the locking tab from the butt, that the total height of the intermediate portion be the same as that of the head or the shank, and that the horizontal distance between the vertical side edge of the head and the vertical edge of the lowermost step of the intermediate portion, at either side of the shingle, be equal to one-half of the width of the shank.

While I have illustrated and described a preferred and two modified forms of the shingle, it is to be understood that other modifications in the form thereof may be made within the scope and without departing from the characteristic features of the invention. The terms height or heights as used herein refer to vertical dimensions ormeasurements, while the terms width or Widths refer to horizontal dimensions or measurements.

What I claim is:

l. A double-coverage T-lock flexible interlocking shingle comprising a head portion, a shank portion, and an intermediate portion all of equal height, the shank portion having a locking tab projecting outward from each side of its lower end, the upper edge of each tab being inclined downwardly and inwardly to form an acute angle with the side of the shank from which the tab projects, the intermediate portion consisting of two steps each of the same height, the vertical distance between the lower edge of the shingle and the inner end of the inclined upper edge of either locking tab being one-half of the height of the intermediate portion of the shingle and equal to the height of each of the steps of said intermediate portion, the width of the lower step at each side of the intermediate portion being greater than the width of a locking tab.

2. A double-coverage T-lock flexible interlocking shingle comprising a head portion, a shank portion, and an intermediate portion all of equal height, the shank portion having a locking tab projecting outward from each side of its lower end, the upper edge of each tab being inclined downwardly and inwardly to form an acute angle with the side of the shank from which the tab projects, the intermediate portion comprising two steps each or" the same height, the lower end of the side edge of the upper step lying in the same horizontal plane as the upper end of the side edge of the lower step, the vertical distance between the lower edge of the shingle and the inner end of the inclined upper edge of either locking tab being one-half of the height of the intermediate portion of the shingle and equal to the height of each of the steps of said intermediate portion, the width of the lower step at each side of the intermediate portion being greater than the width of a locking tab.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,447,466 OReilly Aug. 17, 1948 2,460,353 Killingsworth Feb. 1, 1949 2,533,364 Greider Dec. 12, 1950 2,618,228 Abraham Nov. 18, 1952 

